“When dominant players are so entrenched, they’re not usually in a good position to innovate,” he added. “At that point, they’re in a position of defense. That’s when it’s time to find a company that can attack a weak spot and find a new way of doing business.” Pinduoduo, Cao said, took a fresh approach to e-commerce that other industry players hadn’t employed so successfully. “Pinduoduo didn’t go after the market directly,” Cao said. “It found new rule of engagement. It showed that shopping could be more